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Renal Cell Cancer
Renal Cell Cancer (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, originating in the lining of the small tubes (renal tubules) that filter blood and produce urine. It often develops silently, and in many cases, it is discovered incidentally during imaging tests done for other reasons. Early detection improves the chances of successful treatment.
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause is not always clear, but several factors can increase the risk, including:
- Smoking
- Obesity
- High blood pressure
- Long-term dialysis
- Family history of kidney cancer
- Certain genetic syndromes (e.g., von Hippel–Lindau disease)
- Occupational exposure to chemicals (asbestos, cadmium)
Symptoms
In its early stages, RCC may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, patients may develop:
- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
- Persistent pain in the side or lower back
- A lump or mass in the abdomen or flank
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue and weakness
- Fever or night sweats
- High blood pressure or anemia
Treatment & Management
The treatment plan for RCC depends on the size, stage, and spread of the tumor, as well as the patient’s overall health. Surgery is the primary treatment and may involve partial nephrectomy (removing only the tumor) or radical nephrectomy (removing the entire kidney). For advanced or metastatic RCC, targeted therapies and immunotherapy drugs are commonly used to slow cancer growth and boost the body’s immune response. Radiation therapy may be given for symptom relief in cases where cancer has spread. Regular follow-up with imaging and blood tests is essential to monitor recovery and detect recurrence.