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Tubulointerstitial diseases
Tubulointerstitial diseases are a group of kidney disorders that primarily affect the tubules (tiny structures that filter and reabsorb substances) and the surrounding interstitial tissue of the kidneys. Unlike glomerular diseases, which mainly involve the filtering units (glomeruli), these conditions damage the supporting structures of the kidneys, leading to impaired kidney function over time.
Causes
Tubulointerstitial diseases can occur due to various factors, such as:
- Infections of the urinary tract or kidneys
- Prolonged use of certain medications, including painkillers (NSAIDs) and some antibiotics
- Autoimmune conditions, such as lupus or Sjögren’s syndrome
- Metabolic disorders, including high calcium or uric acid levels
- Toxins and heavy metals exposure
- Chronic obstruction of the urinary tract
Symptoms
- Poorly controlled blood sugar levels
- Increased or decreased urination
- Excessive thirst
- Fatigue and weakness
- Nausea or loss of appetite
- Swelling in legs or ankles (edema)
- High blood pressure
- Flank pain (pain in the sides or lower back)
Treatment & Management
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Stopping the use of harmful medications, treating infections, and managing autoimmune conditions can help slow down the disease. Patients are often advised to maintain good hydration, follow a kidney-friendly diet, and control blood pressure. In advanced cases, treatment may involve dialysis or kidney transplantation. Early diagnosis and timely intervention can help preserve kidney function and improve quality of life.